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Analysis of some biologicaly active components in natural plant extracts
Kováčová, Ivana ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the study of the effectiveness of active ingredients from natural extracts such as milk thistle and turmeric. The thesis describes the use of modern methods of analysis and identification of active substances located in plants of milk thistle and turmeric. In the experimental part of thesis, which was preceded by a literature search focused on the biological effects of active substances in the chosen natural extracts, the extracts were characterized according to group characteristics (total assessment of polyphenols and flavonoids, assessment of antioxidant activity, and assessment of vitamin C volume and tocopherol). The next part is focused on the study of the encapsulation of natural active substances into the organic particles: liposomes. Silymarin and curcumin were encapsulated as active substances. The idea of a plant with a single active ingredient is usually erroneous. Plants usually contain hundreds of components which cooperate on a given effect. Therefore, the majority of herbalists believe that a simple plant is an active ingredient. However, some plants are known to be containing a particular active phytochemical. For instance, plants such as the milk thistle, turmeric, or a ginkgo are great examples of the plant containing a particular active phytochemical. In these cases, the active compound is disproportionately more effective than the plant itself. Encapsulation efficiency of active ingredients of Silymarin and curcumin was determined by HPLC/PDA. The aim of the analysis was to observe the behavior of elements during the incubation in surrounding of gastric juice model, and the stability while maintaining the particles in model food.
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Disposable sensor of ammonium for intelligent packaging
Nentvichová, Aneta ; Kořínková, Radka (referee) ; Veselá, Mária (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the problematic of the smart packaging and deals with the preparation of disposable ammonia sensors/indicators and the subsequent color measurement of prepared sensors/indicators using the CIE L* a* b* color space. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis focuses on active and intelligent packaging, using ammonia sensors/indicators. The emphasis is placed on the main components of the sensor/indicator, i.e., chitosan as a polymer and curcumin as a dye. The theoretical part also includes the problematic of meat degradation, which plays a very important role in this thesis. The experimental part was divided into two parts. The first part was to prepare layers that will respond in different colors based on the concentrations of ammonia. Prepared layers were sensitive to ammonia across all concentrations, and based on this result, ascorbic acid was applied to compositions to achieve a calibration retention of the selected amount of ammonia. The second minor part of the experiment was the application of selected layers to packages with real meat.
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Use of some exotic natural extracts in cosmetics
Phan, Huong Tra ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The objective of this bachelor thesis was a general characterization of the antioxidant effect of exotic plants and their extracts. The selected plants were Zingiber officinale, Turmeric longa and Momordica charantia. Theoretical part focuses on antioxidative properties, genereal characteristics of selected plants and description of the methods applied in the experimental part. In the experimental part, content of the antioxidant activity, polyphenols, flavonoids were characterized by spectrophotometry. Major active ingredient (curcumin, gingerol) and other substances like tocopherol were determined by HPLC/UV-VIS. Finally, potential practical use of these active substances in the field of cosmetics including skin hydration measurement was tested.
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Adsorption of biologically active substances in colloidal solutions of aminoclay
Málková, Ivana ; Pekař, Miloslav (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
This paper builds on a previous study of magnesium aminoclay and its interactions with biological compounds. The theoretical part deals with the research of the usage of aminoclay as a carrier in medical applications, the method of its formulation, the selection of biologically active compounds and a suitable method of varification. The experimental part deals with the synthesis of aminoclay, samples preparation and study of the adsorption behavior of the selected bioactive compounds under different conditions. The experimental part of the paper also includes varification of the suitability of the selected UV VIS spektrometry to determine the adsorption behavior of the biologically active compounds in colloidal aminoclay solutions.
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Properties of aminoclay complexes and biologically active substances
Dušek, Jakub ; Pekař, Miloslav (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
This paper builds on previous research of aminoclay complexes in undergraduate studies. Theoretical part deals with study of current problems of aminoclay complexes with bioactive substances and the choice of substances for complexing with aminoclay. The experimental part consists of preparation of aminoclay complexes with selected bioactive agents at various concentrations. Verification of binding of bioactive agents to the aminoclay matrix was performed by Elemental Analysis (EA) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). For finding of the bound amount of bioactive substance were used the Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC®) and analysis of the cytotoxic properties of the formed complexes by used by the MTT assay. The main motivation of this study is to create new complexes with improved characteristics that would replace existing forms of substances used in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
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Polymeric nanoparticles for poorly water soluble drugs delivery
Nekolová, Martina ; Holas, Ondřej (advisor) ; Smékalová, Monika (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Mentor: PharmDr. Ondřej Holas, Ph.D. Student: Martina Nekolová Title of thesis: Polymeric nanoparticles for poorly water-soluble drugs delivery Polymeric nanoparticles represent a modern drug form. One of the main advantages is influencing the pharmacokinetic properties of the administered substance - e.g. increasing solubility in water. They enable the targeted delivery of the drug to the affected tissue and this way minimize adverse effects. This could be of great benefit to the therapy of cancer or inflammatory diseases. Both the target tissue and the nanoparticles must have some specific properties. For particles, it is, for example, size and surface charge. The aim of this work was to prepare nanoparticles with a substance poorly soluble in water, represented by curcumin. The particles were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method with different types of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer. A 50:50 linear PLGA polymer and a branched PLGA A2 polymer were used. The prepared nanoparticles were compared on several parameters - particle size and polydispersity, encapsulation efficiency (EE), drug-loading capacity (DLC) and dissolution profile. PLGA 50:50 was found to provide...
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Polymeric nanoparticles: platform for poorly water soluble drugs delivery
Roztočilová, Adéla ; Holas, Ondřej (advisor) ; Svačinová, Petra (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Mentor: PharmDr. Ondřej Holas, Ph.D. Student: Adéla Roztočilová Title of thesis: Polymeric nanoparticles as a platform for delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs Polymer nanoparticles can be used as drug carriers due to their beneficial properties. One of the advantages of polymeric nanoparticles is, for example, to increase the solubility of drugs in water. They have great potential in the therapy of inflammatory diseases such as Crohn's disease or in shifting cancer pharmacotherapy. The main objective of this thesis was to prepare polymeric nanoparticles with encapsulated curcumin as model active ingredient. Four types of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer were used to prepare the nanoparticles. Nanoprecipitation and emulsion evaporation methods were employed. The parameters evaluated were encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, particle size and polydispersity. Both the water phase, where two different surfactants were employed, and the organic phase were varied during the experiment. The experimental part also used a dissociation method where two types of PLGA copolymer were compared and during the dissociation, samples were taken at predetermined times to determine the total...
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Study on the relation between G-quadruplexes and p53-driven regulation
Holotová, Paulína ; Vodička, Juraj (referee) ; Brázda, Václav (advisor)
Táto práca sa zaoberá úlohou štruktúr G-kvadruplexov, ich stabilizáciou pomocou ligandov a úlohou p53 v regulácii transkripcie. G-kvadruplex je typ sekundárnej štruktúry nukleovej kyseliny zloženej z 2 – 4 tetrád. Každá tetráda je tvorená štyrmi guanínmi spojenými prostredníctvom Hoogstenovho párovania báz. Táto práca pozostáva z teoretickej a experimentálnej časti. V teoretickej časti bola opísaná podstata G-kvadruplexových štruktúr a ich potenciál pri liečbe rakoviny, úloha p53 v bunkovom cykle a jeho regulácia a ligandy kurkumín a TMPyP4 použité na stabilizáciu G4. V experimentálnej časti sa študovali interakcie ligandov kurkumínu a TMPyP4 so štruktúrami nukleových kyselín. Reportérové kmene kvasiniek obsahujúce PUMA, KSHV aich kombinácie boli transformované plazmidmi kódujúcimi iba selekčné markery a plazmidmi kódujúcimi divokú formu génu pre proteín p53. V teste životaschopnosti, optimálna koncentrácia ligandov (kurkumínu a TMPyP4) bola stanovená pre reportérový kmeň PUMA, ktorá sa ďalej použila v Luciferázovom teste. Test vytesnenia fluorescenčného indikátora s tioflavínom T ako fluorescenčným farbivom dokázal interakciu medzi oligonukleotidmi tvoriacimi G4 a kurkumínom a TMPyP4. Luciferázový test sa použil na vyhodnotenie interakcie medzi transformovanými reportérovými kmeňmi kvasiniek a oboma ligandmi. Výsledky po 24 hodinách ukázali štatistickú významnosť pre každý kmeň v rovnakom prostredí, pričom kmeň PUMA vykazoval najvyššiu transaktivačnú aktivitu - insert PUMA je cieľovým génom pre p53. Kmene s PUMA aj KSHV vykazovali významne nižšiu transaktivačnú aktivitu, keďže prítomné ligandy mohli stabilizovať štruktúru G4 prítomnú v KSHV, a tým znížiť transkripciu. Prítomnosť G4 v sekvencii KSHV sa potvrdila aj pomocou programu G4Hunter, pričom G4Skóre bolo 3,182. Transaktivácia bola výrazne nižšia aj v kmeňoch PUMA prítomných v prostredí kurkumínu a TMPyP4, aj napriek tomu, že táto sekvencia netvorí G4, čo potvrdil aj program G4Hunter. To naznačuje, že študované ligandy kurkumín a TMPyP4 môžu regulovať metabolizmus buniek iným spôsobom, ako sa doteraz predpokladalo.
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Polymeric nanoparticles for poorly water soluble drugs delivery
Nekolová, Martina ; Holas, Ondřej (advisor) ; Smékalová, Monika (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Mentor: PharmDr. Ondřej Holas, Ph.D. Student: Martina Nekolová Title of thesis: Polymeric nanoparticles for poorly water-soluble drugs delivery Polymeric nanoparticles represent a modern drug form. One of the main advantages is influencing the pharmacokinetic properties of the administered substance - e.g. increasing solubility in water. They enable the targeted delivery of the drug to the affected tissue and this way minimize adverse effects. This could be of great benefit to the therapy of cancer or inflammatory diseases. Both the target tissue and the nanoparticles must have some specific properties. For particles, it is, for example, size and surface charge. The aim of this work was to prepare nanoparticles with a substance poorly soluble in water, represented by curcumin. The particles were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method with different types of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer. A 50:50 linear PLGA polymer and a branched PLGA A2 polymer were used. The prepared nanoparticles were compared on several parameters - particle size and polydispersity, encapsulation efficiency (EE), drug-loading capacity (DLC) and dissolution profile. PLGA 50:50 was found to provide...
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Adsorption of biologically active substances in colloidal solutions of aminoclay
Málková, Ivana ; Pekař, Miloslav (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
This paper builds on a previous study of magnesium aminoclay and its interactions with biological compounds. The theoretical part deals with the research of the usage of aminoclay as a carrier in medical applications, the method of its formulation, the selection of biologically active compounds and a suitable method of varification. The experimental part deals with the synthesis of aminoclay, samples preparation and study of the adsorption behavior of the selected bioactive compounds under different conditions. The experimental part of the paper also includes varification of the suitability of the selected UV VIS spektrometry to determine the adsorption behavior of the biologically active compounds in colloidal aminoclay solutions.
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